To Liquid Revealing In A Belly Cavity Apply

To liquid revealing in a belly cavity apply a method . The doctor puts a palm On one party of a stomach, on an - opposite side the bent fingers of other hand makes an abrupt push which in the presence of a liquid is defined by a "listening" palm. In order to avoid the erroneous conclusion it is necessary to exclude push transfer on a belly wall. For this purpose the doctor asks the patient or staff nurse to put an edge a brush on an average line of a stomach. At such reception distinct transfer of a push proves liquid presence in a belly cavity. In localisation of pathological process the - zone morbidities (a sign of local irritation -) allows to be guided--. the semibent fingers or a brush edge on the right costal arch can cause morbidity - in right (a symptom of Ortnera-Grekova) at an - inflammation of a bilious bubble, bilious channels, a liver. a stomach make in various positions - of the patient. At research of the patient in horizontal position it is necessary to ask the patient for a relaxation of muscles of a belly wall to bend feet in knee joints and slightly to dissolve them in the parties.

The Pain Arises Or Amplifies During Meal Owing

The pain arises or amplifies during meal owing to a trauma of a wall of a gullet a passing food lump, and also in a prone position when arises - zheludochno-pishchevodnyj a reflux is easier-. at to a gullet ulcer it is caused - by an inflammatory hypostasis of a wall of a gullet in the field of an ulcer, formation of a stenosis of a gullet, joining . Patients often disturb a heartburn, with held (at a gullet) or stomach contents at insufficiency ). A disease current slow, monotonous. Aggravations arise during the spring and autumn periods is more often. Complications gullet ulcers: a stenosis, punching, a bleeding, . The expressed stenosis of a gullet develops at 25 % of patients, is shown and peryp. In process of increase of a stenosis of a gullet progresses , a food of patients is broken. Rubtsovo-inflammatory changes of a wall of a gullet can lead to its shortening ("the got short gullet") and to hernia formation - diaphragm apertures. At 15 % of patients punching of an ulcer of a gullet in - is observed-, is much more rare - in the left pleural cavity, an aorta, heart, is the extremely rare - in a belly cavity Punching is shown - by a sudden pain behind a breast or a shoot, amplifying at swallowing, bloody vomiting, a hypodermic - emphysema, a tachycardia At radiological research define - contrast substance in or in a - pleural cavity.

After A Trauma Traumatic Hernias - Arise At

After a trauma traumatic hernias - arise at once or within the next few days. Hernial - appears at vertical position of the patient, , i.e. At the slightest increase of intrabelly pressure. Traumatic - hernias can be single and plural. Treatment: if after a trauma there is a suspicion on damage - of an internal of a belly cavity, the patient it is necessary to operate urgently. After audit of bodies of a belly cavity the damaged - fabrics sew . During operation on an occasion of the generated hernia delete a - hernial bag and close hernial gate in the way - creating optimum conditions for strengthening of a belly - wall. Postoperative hernias are formed in the field of a postoperative - hem. The reasons of formation of postoperative hernias: Operation end and a belly cavity a suppuration postoperative , fall of regeneration of fabrics, the big physical activity in the postoperative period damage of nervous trunks during operation. In the field of a postoperative hem hernial gate settle down, they are formed by edges of muscles and , dispersed - in the area of an operational hem.

At Defeat Drinks, Cervical Or Cervicothoracic Department Of

At defeat drinks, cervical or cervicothoracic department of a gullet carry out a partial plasticity. Use transplants from a thin or thick gut. One end - of a transplant with a gullet above, and another below narrowing. At extensive the total plasticity of a gullet with or intrachest (, intrapleural, ) an arrangement of a transplant from a thin or thick gut is shown. It is not necessary to start creation of an artificial gullet before 2 years from the moment of a burn. Only after that term degree of scarring of a gullet can come to light and becomes clear that the generated cicatricial fabric will not allow to achieve expansion of a gleam of a gullet by conservative methods INFRINGEMENTS OF THE MOTILITY OF THE GULLET the nervously-muscular disease - of a gullet shown by infringement of passage of food weights in a stomach owing to proof infringement of reflex - opening at swallowing, changes and - tone easings - walls. Frequency of disease in relation to other diseases - of a gullet from 3 to 20 %.

Diagnostics: Difficulties Does Not Cause. Treatment: The Surgical.

Diagnostics: difficulties does not cause. Treatment: the surgical. Make a fistula and defect in a gut wall. At normal development the - uric channel is completely obliterated, the eminence over it - carries the name of a median umbilical fold (plica umbilicalis mediana) At an uric channel mark urine in the field of a navel. Especially it happens considerably at shout or crying of the child. Treatment an uric channel - a fistula to a bladder defect in which sew up. Diagnostic difficulties arise at partial - zheltochno-intestinal and uric channels then separating - slime and pus fistulas accept for not healing defect on a place of tearing away of an umbilical cord. It is necessary to distinguish the got umbilical - fistulas when at bandaging of an umbilical cord in case of presence of a hernia umbilical in the wall of the dropped out gut can be grasped from congenital fistulas-. Sharp inflammatory processes of a belly wall. - It is possible to carry a suppuration to primary - inflammatory processes in - hypodermic fatty and a phlegmon in the field of a vagina - of a direct muscle of a stomach Secondary inflammatory processes can be a consequence of transition of inflammatory process on a belly wall at a tuberculosis or an osteomyelitis of bones of a basin, at - thorax abscesses, paranephrites, etc.

Pathological Anatomy: Gullet Sarcomas Are Very Various On

Pathological anatomy: gullet sarcomas are very various on a histologic structure. They develop from a muscular fabric (, ), from a connecting fabric (, , , the osteosarcoma, ), from vessels , meets tumoral a gullet (, ). From malignant tumours most often in a gullet - develops , - localised basically in average and bottom its thirds, having the form-. Sarcomas can settle down - and grow for limits of a wall of a gullet, - and adjacent bodies. sarcomas - of a gullet are more rare, than cancer - tumours. Clinic and diagnostics-: - the basic symptom of disease. Pains behind a breast, in about- appear in far for- going stages. Others about the- disease phenomena - the weakness, progressing loss of weight of a body, anemiza - . At disintegration of the tumour sprouting in respiratory ways, there comes formation pishchevodno-trahealnogo or a pishchevodno-bronchial fistula. The diagnosis of a sarcoma of a gullet put on the basis of the analysis - of a clinical picture, the data of radiological research and - with .

Survey Intestines, Free Gas In A Belly Cavity.

Survey intestines, free gas in a belly cavity. Survey emetic weights (a bile impurity), a chair (at blood in weights). Measurement . Laboratory researches the blood analysis (, , ). Early signs of a peritonitis occurrence of the constant belly-ache amplifying at cough, sensation of dryness in an oral cavity, pulse increase, local morbidity at and a stomach, occurrence of easy local pressure of muscles of a belly wall, . Early signs of an intraintestinal bleeding weakness, dizziness, pallor of integuments, pulse increase, decrease in arterial pressure, haemoglobin decrease, , a blood impurity in weights. Occurrence of signs of a peritonitis, bleeding in intestines is the indication to emergency operation Operation consists in , resections of the changed site of a gut to level of the kept sufficient blood supply in resulting and taking away intestinal loops. To the patient at whom at dynamic supervision signs of a peritonitis are not revealed, an intraintestinal bleeding, it is shown in a planned order with a plasticity of a belly wall in the field of hernial gate.

It Depends On A - Diaphragm Tone. Dynamic

It depends on a - diaphragm tone. Dynamic function of a diaphragm is caused by influence of a moving diaphragm at breath on lungs, heart and bodies of a belly cavity. Diaphragm movements carry out ventilation of lungs, facilitate - blue blood receipt - in the right auricle, promote to a blue blood from a liver, a - spleen and bodies of a belly cavity, to movement of gases in a gastroenteric path, to the certificate , . RESEARCH METHODS At it is possible to define level of an arrangement - of a diaphragm, to suspect moving of bodies of a belly cavity to the chest-. Radiological research is the basic method of diagnostics of damages and diaphragm diseases. The top - of the right dome of a diaphragm in front settles down at level of V edge, left - on one edge more low. At quiet breath diaphragm excursion is equal 1 - 2 sm, at forced reaches 6 see - High arrangement x diaphragm domes mark at - pregnancy, , a peritonitis, paralytic intestinal - impassability. High standing of one of diaphragm domes happens at , paralyses, a diaphragm relaxation, tumours, and liver abscesses, abscesses.

As Symptoms Of An Intra-belly Bleeding The Stomach,

As symptoms of an intra-belly bleeding the stomach, in the beginning local morbidity serve strained, increased in at , and then a stupid constant pain and development a shock. At damage of hollow body of the phenomenon of a peritonitis - traumas develop - not right after. For its development some time is required, therefore the patient should be under supervision of the doctor At suspicion on a peritonitis or a bleeding after a stomach trauma it is necessary to spend research at which it is possible to define a forward wall of a rectum and sharp morbidity at . From additional methods of research it is expedient - to use a laparoscopy and ultrasonic scanning of bodies of a belly cavity. At damage of an aorta or arteries - diagnostic value easing or absence of a pulsation on femoral arteries, has a shock. Additional method of diagnostics is research. DISEASES OF THE BELLY WALL Congenital umbilical fistulas develop as a result a zheltochno-intestinal channel (ductus omphalomesentericus) or an uric channel (urachus) At a zheltochno-intestinal channel in the field of a navel the fistula with intestinal is formed or mucous separated Sometimes through a fistula the - gut mucous membrane drops out-.

At - Suspicion On Defect Presence In Its

At - suspicion on defect presence in its wall owing to rupture or punching it is necessary to apply water-soluble contrast substances as a barium suspension, leaving through defect in a gullet wall in , it and does - the subsequent researches. Besides, it as a foreign matter promotes development of an infection of Jodsoderzhashchie water-soluble connections (, , etc.) . Easily - get through small defects in a gullet wall, not inflammatory reaction surrounding , are quickly soaked up Often researches happens enough for localisation and the sizes of a punched aperture In doubtful cases use under anaesthetic by means of rigid . Treatment, conservative (a food exception through a mouth, a prescription of antibiotics, a food of patients, etc.), spend - 1) to an establishment of the definitive diagnosis and at a delay of delivery of the patient to a surgical hospital, 2) at damages of cervical department of a gullet; 3) as addition to surgical treatment. Surgical treatment (radical and palliative) is shown at extensive damages of a gullet, presence of messages of its gleam with , a tree, a pleural cavity.

As A Result Of - Scarring And An

As a result of - scarring and an inflammation the gleam of a gullet in the field of narrowing has the wrong form. Over often is available expansion, arises - strengthened -. At - reveal presence , pockets, - hems. Both methods of research - allow to specify degree, localisation, extent of narrowing, its course, presence expansions-, a pishchevodno-bronchial - fistula. Treatment: the basic - method of treatment a gullet after a - chemical burn - is - which leads to proof - recover 90 - 95 % of patients Unlike early (with 9 - 11th day after a burn) later - spend for the purpose of expansion of already developed - narrowing of a gullet-. Begin - from 7th week. it is shown all patients with a gullet when it is possible to spend a metal conductor through narrowing. Contra-indications to buzhiro-vaniju: , a pishchevodno-bronchial fistula. For - achievement proof effect treatment is necessary for spending within many weeks and even months Apply: 1) "blind" through a mouth, 2) gullet expansion hollow plastic on a metal conductor; 3) under the control , 4) by a principle " endlessly"; 5) .

The Exception Makes Nephritic , At Which Patient

The exception makes nephritic , at which patient localises a pain with right or a body left-hand side. Finding out character pains, it is possible to judge the amazed layers of a wall of body. Burning is observed at inflammatory changes or - defects of a mucous membrane, it is caused by reaction of surrounding - fabrics to action . The pressure sense, overflow-, a swelling, reaching a dull ache, arises at a stretching - of deep layers of a wall of body. The vistseralnaja pain can have character of the attacks shown (intestinal, hepatic, nephritic). The shvatkoobraznaja pain, , is caused by the strengthened reduction of smooth muscles of hollow body, . to overcome an obstacle for its contents. At bad attacks of a pain of the patient it is uneasy, changes position, searches for a pose at which the pain would become less intensive. At morbidity is not clearly localised, expressed - slightly. During an attack the stomach is strained, between an attack be ill a stomach soft. The pain is accompanied by a nausea, vomiting, pallor, .

By Origin Distinguish The Congenital And Got Hernias.

By origin distinguish the congenital and got hernias. The got hernias divide into hernias from effort (owing to sharp increase of intrabelly pressure), hernias from weakness (at older persons at an atrophy of muscles, reduction of elasticity of a belly wall), the postoperative, traumatic artificial Depending on an anatomic arrangement of hernias distinguish , femoral, umbilical, , a shoot, lateral hernias of a stomach, lumbar, sciatic, apertures, . On a clinical current depending on a condition of interiors entering into a hernia I divide! Hernias on , , hernias with the phenomena , hernias with the phenomena of infringement, a hernia with the inflammation phenomena. Aetiology and : the Greatest number of patients happens to hernias among children aged till 1 year, then the number of patients gradually decreases to 10-year-old age after that - again increases and to 30 - to 40 years reaches a maximum At elderly and senile age also the increase in number of patients with stomach hernias is noted.

At Hernias All Patients Accept - Surgical Treatment

At hernias all patients accept - surgical treatment in connection with possibility of development of its infringement Operation consists in bringing down of belly bodies and sewing together of edges - diaphragm apertures behind a - gullet. At a combination hernias with insufficiency - supplement operation on Nissenu. At the restrained hernias of patients operate the same as at others hernias. DIAPHRAGM RELAXATION Diaphragm relaxation - diaphragms and its displacement together with adjacent bodies to it a belly cavity in chest-. The line of an attachment of a diaphragm remains on a usual place. The relaxation happens congenital (on soil or full diaphragm muscles) and got (more often - as a result of damage a nerve). The relaxation can be full (total) when all dome of a diaphragm (more often left is amazed and moved to a thorax), and partially (limited) at its any department (more often on the right). At a diaphragm relaxation occurs a lung on the party of defeat and displacement an opposite side, can arise cross-section and longitudinal a - stomach ( and departments settle down at one level), a bend of a thick gut.

Clinic And Diagnostics: The Limited Right-hand - Relaxation

Clinic and diagnostics: the limited right-hand - relaxation proceeds . At a link sided - relaxation the same symptoms, as at to a hernia. In connection with absence of hernial gate the infringement is impossible. The diagnosis is put on the basis of presence of symptoms of moving of belly bodies in a corresponding half of thorax, a lung, by displacement of bodies . Radiological research is the basic method confirming the diagnosis. At imposing diagnostic over the - bodies moved to a thorax define a diaphragm shade. The limited right-hand relaxation differentiate with - tumours and a lung, a pericardium, a liver. Treatment: in the presence of the expressed clinical symptoms surgical treatment is shown. Operation consists in bringing down - of the moved belly bodies in normal position and formation diaphragms or - its plastic - strengthening by a grid from , a - skin, muscular or myshechno-nadkostnichno-pleural rag . STOMACH Stomach borders. External top border of a stomach are. In front a shoot, edges of costal arches, behind edge of XII edges, XII chest vertebra.